节译自 《暗柜认识论》 Epistemology of the Closet Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick
Eve Kosofsky Sedgwick 被誉为「酷儿理论女皇」。在其最为著名的《暗柜认识论》(Epistemology of the Closet)中,她提出性和与之相关的一系列认知背后都是一定社会关系,并进一步指出同性恋/异性恋的二元对立是矛盾和不稳定的。在这本书的简介部分,Sedgwick 提出了七条理解性和性别议题的公理。近三十年后,这七条公理仍具有相当的价值。
[1]见Gayle Rubin, “The Traffic in Women: Notes on the ‘Political Economy’ of Sex,” 载Rayna R. Reiter编Toward an Anthropology of the Women (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975) 157-210页。
「我只能爱上和我性别一样的人(of my own sex)」,难道在这样的一个表述中「性别」(sex)不应该是「社会性别」(gender)吗?「看看朝我们走过来的那个异性(of the opposite sex)!」社会性别,由于我们认为是由两个被定义为相对的事物组成的,或许可以说存在对立的异性。但是在什么意义上XX和XY是对立的呢?。
[3]相关讨论参见Katie King, “The Situation of Lesbianism as Feminism’s Magical Sign: Contests for Meaning and the US Women’s Movement, 1968-1972,”载Communication 9 (1986): 65-91页。特刊, “Feminist Critiques of Popular Culture, ” Paula A. Treichler and Ellen Wartella编, 9: 65-91页。及Teresa de Lauretis, “Sexual Indifference and Lesbian Representation, ” Theatre Journal 40 (5月1988): 155-177页。
有些以男同性恋为中心的研究中使用了更复杂的模型来研究不同压迫间的交错,包括Gay Left Collective编,Homosexuality: Power and Politics(London: Allison & Busby, 1980); Paul Hoch, White Hero Black Beast: Racism, Sexism, and the Mask of Masculinity (London: Pluto, 1979); Guy Hocquenghem, Homosexual Desire, Daniella Dangoor译 (London: Allison & Busby, 1978); Mario Mieli, Homosexuality and Liberation: Elements of a Gay Critique, David Fernbach译 (London: Gay Men’s Press, 1980); D. A. Miller, The Novel and the Police (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1988); Michael Moon, “‘The Gentle Boy from the Dangerous Classes’: Pederasty, Domesticity, and Capitalism in Horatio Alger,” Representations, 第19号(夏季1987): 87-110页; Michael Moon, Disseminating Whitman (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1990); 及Jeffrey Weeks, Sexuality and its Discontents: Meanings, Myths and Modern Sexualities (London: Longman, 1980)。
[5]
影响较大的社会主义-女性主义研究包括Michèle Barrett, Women’s Oppression Today: Problems in Marxist Feminist Analysis (London: Verso, 1980); Zillah Eisenstein编, Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism (New York: Monthly Review Press, 1979); 及Juliet Mitchell, Women’s Estate (New York: Vintage, 1973)。关于种族、性别和性压迫之间的交错,可参见Elly Bulkin, Barbara Smith, and Minnie Bruce Pratt, Yours in Struggle: Three Feminist Perspectives on Anti-Semitism and Racism (New York: Long Haul Press, 1984); Bell Hooks [Gloria Watkins], Feminist Theory: From Margin to Center (Boston: South End Press, 1984); Katie King, “Audre Lorde’s Lacquered Layerings: The Lesbian Bar as a Site of Literary Production,” Cultural Studies 2, 第3号(1988): 321-342页; Audre Lorde, Sister Outsider: Essays and Speeches (Trumansburg, N.Y.: The Crossing Press, 1984); Cherríe Moraga, Loving in the War Years: Lo que nunca paso por sus labios (Boston; South End Press, 1983); Cherríe Moraga and Gloria Anzaldua编, This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (Watertown: Persephone, 1981; 重印New York: Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press, 1984); 及Barbara Smith编, Home Girls: A Black Feminist Anthology (New York: Kitchen Table: Women of Color Press, 1983). 关于这些交错是如何关联于女性,尤其是女同性恋者,可见Ann Snitow, Christine Stansell, and Sharon Thompson编, The Powers of Desire: The Politics of Sexuality (New York: Monthly Review/ New Feminist Library, 1983); Vance, Pleasure and Danger; and de Lauretis, “Sexual Indifference.”。